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Gundruk

Fermented leafy greens

गुन्द्रुक: mustard and radish greens wilted, packed tight to ferment sour, then sun-dried for winter soups

After the rice harvest in October and November, hill families from Ilam to Gorkha cut the leaves of mustard greens, radish and cauliflower, leave them to wilt in the yard, then pound them into clay pots or pits to ferment. A week later the greens come out olive-brown and sour, and they are dried on bamboo mats in the bright Dashain-Tihar sun. That dried gundruk carries families through the lean winter: soaked and simmered into gundruk ko jhol with tomato and soybeans beside dal-bhat, or tossed into gundruk sadeko with onion, chilli and mustard oil to eat with chiura. The flavour is deeply sour, earthy and a little smoky, the dried leaves chewy-crisp, softening when cooked. Common mistake: packing the leaves loosely; air left in the jar lets mould grow instead of the sour lactic ferment, so press until juice rises over the greens. It is ready to dry when it smells sharply sour like good sauerkraut and the leaves have lost all their green. Chef's tip: if your greens are from a supermarket, mix mustard greens with radish tops or kale for the closest flavour, and ferment in a big jar with a weight.
Total time
45 min
Difficulty
medium
Serves
10
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Ingredients

Serves10

For the gundruk

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Method

0/8 done
  1. Step 1: Spread the 2 ¼ lb mustard green leaves and 1 ⅛ lb radish leaves on a mat or clean sheet in an airy place out of direct sun and let them wilt for 1–2 days, turning once, until soft and limp but not yellow.

  2. Step 2: Wash a 2 litre glass or ceramic jar with hot soapy water, rinse, then set it upside down in a 250°F oven for 10 minutes; let it cool.

    15 min
  3. Step 3: Shred the wilted leaves roughly and pound or crush them a handful at a time in a mortar or with a rolling pin until bruised and juicy.

    20 min
  4. Step 4: Pack the crushed leaves into the jar in layers, pressing each layer down hard with your fist until liquid rises above it. If, after packing, no juice covers the top, add the ½ cup lukewarm water.

    15 min
  5. Step 5: Set a small weight (a water-filled zip bag or a clean stone in a bag) on top so the greens stay under their juice, close loosely and keep at 20–86°F for 7–10 days.

  6. Step 6: Check every day. Normal: bubbles, cloudy brown liquid and a clean sour smell; a flat white film (kahm yeast) can be skimmed off. Bad: fuzzy green, black or pink mould, slime or a putrid smell — throw it all away. It is ready when it smells sharply sour and the leaves are olive-brown.

  7. Step 7: Squeeze the greens and spread them thinly on clean mats or trays in strong sun for 3–5 days (or in a 122°F oven with the door ajar for 6–8 hours), turning daily, until completely dry and brittle.

  8. Step 8: Store in an airtight jar in a cool, dry place for up to a year. Throw away any that smells musty or shows mould. To cook, soak a handful in warm water for 10 minutes and simmer into soup or toss into a salad.

Nutrition per serving

Calories
30 kcal
Protein
3 g
Carbs
5 g
Fat
0 g
Fibre
4 g

Nutrition values are estimates.

K
Recipe by

KrazyBadal

All recipes by this chef →

Good to know

How long does gundruk take?
About 45 minutes in total.
How many people does it serve?
10 as written. Change the servings above the ingredients and every amount scales to match.
Is it vegan?
Yes. It has no meat, fish, dairy or eggs.
Is it gluten free?
Yes, as written. Check the labels on stock, sauces and spice mixes, which sometimes contain gluten.
Can I make it ahead?
Yes. It keeps well, so you can cook it earlier in the day or the day before and reheat it.

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