All recipes

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Empanadas de mariscosShellfish empanadas

On Good Friday along the Chilean coast, from La Serena to Chiloé, meat is off the table and empanadas de mariscos take the place of the usual beef pino. The filling is a mix of shellfish, such as mussels, clams, prawns and crab, cooked with onion, garlic, a little chilli and paprika, bound with a spoon of cream and cheese, and baked or fried in a crisp pastry. Use cooked or frozen seafood mix if you like. Chef's tip: drain the cooked shellfish well and reduce its juices separately, as excess liquid makes the pastry soggy.

85 min

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Pan de PascuaSpiced Christmas fruit cake

From late November every Santiago bakery and supermarket stacks loaves of pan de Pascua, and families exchange them like Christmas cards. Despite the name ('Christmas bread') it is a cake: dense, dark and spiced with cinnamon, ginger and clove, crowded with raisins, candied fruit and walnuts, and often moistened with honey and manjar (dulce de leche). It goes with a glass of cola de mono, the Chilean Christmas drink of coffee and milk. The fruit is usually soaked in rum or pisco; here it soaks in orange juice, and the spirit is an option. Fruit that sinks into a sticky layer at the bottom is the usual complaint, so toss it in a spoonful of the flour first. Chef's tip: wrap the loaves in baking paper and keep them for 3–4 days before cutting; the spices mellow and the crumb gets moister.

110 min

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Arrollado huasoRolled spiced pork belly

Arrollado huaso, the 'countryman's roll', is the pork belly roll of the Central Valley: a flat piece of pork belly spread with ají paste, garlic and cumin, rolled tight, tied and wrapped, then simmered for hours and sliced cold. It is the star of September fondas and Christmas tables, sliced thin with hot bread, pebre and boiled potatoes. The mistake that spoils it is a loose roll, which unwinds and cooks unevenly; tie it every 3 cm. Chef's tip: cool it overnight in its cooking liquid with a weight on top; it sets firm and slices into neat spirals. The pork must reach 71 °C in the centre, as the rolled-in surface is now inside.

190 min

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Arrope de chañarChañar fruit syrup

In the oases of the Atacama, from San Pedro to Toconao, the small brown fruit of the chañar tree is gathered in late summer, dried in the sun and boiled for hours into arrope, a molasses-like syrup with notes of dates and caramel. Grandmothers keep a bottle for winter coughs, but most of it ends up on toast, stirred into hot water or over mote (cooked wheat) and fresh cheese. Dried chañar is sold in northern markets and online; it needs no sugar at all. The classic mistake is walking away at the end, when the syrup thickens fast and scorches, turning bitter. Chef's tip: stop reducing when the syrup coats a spoon thinly; it sets much thicker as it cools.

240 min

Chilean Basics

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Café de higoFig and grain coffee

In the farmhouses of central Chile, in the Maule and O'Higgins valleys, people have long drunk café de higo: a dark, caffeine-free "coffee" made from dried figs roasted with grains such as barley and wheat, then ground. It's mellow, fruity and slightly caramel-like, and many Chileans still prefer it with milk at breakfast. The fig granules are sold in Chilean and Latin grocers. The common mistake is brewing it like instant coffee, with a quick stir; it's a ground blend, so simmer it briefly and strain. It contains grains, so it is not gluten free. Chef's tip: a strip of orange peel in the pan brings out the fig flavour.

10 min

Chilean Drinks

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Caldillo de congrioConger eel and potato broth

Caldillo de congrio is the soup of the central coast, from the fish stalls of Valparaíso to the little restaurants of Isla Negra, where Pablo Neruda wrote an ode to it: firm pieces of congrio (a white cusk-eel, not a true eel) poached in a tomato and onion broth with sliced potatoes, finished with a splash of cream and plenty of coriander. Outside Chile, use kingklip, monkfish, ling or thick hake. The common mistake is boiling the fish with the potatoes from the start; it falls to shreds. Add it at the end. Chef's tip: make the broth with the fish bones and trimmings if your fishmonger gives them to you; it doubles the flavour.

60 min

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CancatoSalmon with cheese and tomato

Cancato belongs to Chiloé and the lakes around Puerto Montt, where salmon is everyday food: a whole fillet is opened like a book, stuffed with melting cheese, tomato, onion and slices of longaniza (a pork sausage like chorizo), then wrapped and cooked over embers or in the oven. It is party food, cut at the table. The common mistake is putting raw sausage inside: it won't cook through before the salmon dries out. Fry it first. Chef's tip: wrap the parcel in foil with the seam on top and open it for the last 5 minutes, so the cheese browns while the salmon stays juicy.

50 min

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ValdivianoDried beef and potato soup

Valdiviano is one of Chile's oldest soups, said to date from the colonial days of Pedro de Valdivia, when soldiers carried charqui (sun-dried beef) on long marches. It is still a winter dish in the south, around Temuco and Valdivia, and a classic hangover cure in Santiago: a pot of slowly softened onions, potatoes and shredded dried beef in broth, scented with cumin and oregano, finished with a poached egg in each bowl. The usual mistake is skipping the soak: charqui must soak for at least 2 hours, or it stays leathery and over-salty. If you can't find charqui, use 300 g shredded cooked beef. A runny yolk is traditional; for pregnant women, young children or anyone with a weakened immune system, cook the egg until the yolk is firm. Chef's tip: cook the onions slowly until they almost melt, as they are what turn a humble broth into valdiviano.

65 min

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Brazo de reinaSponge roll with dulce de leche

The 'queen's arm' sits in the glass cabinet of every Chilean bakery: a light sponge rolled around a thick layer of manjar (Chilean dulce de leche) and dusted with icing sugar. At home it is the cake for a birthday tea or an unexpected visitor, because it bakes in 10 minutes. The common mistake is overbaking: a dry sponge cracks as you roll it. Take it out the moment it springs back. Chef's tip: roll the sponge up in a sugared tea towel while it is still hot and let it cool that way; it remembers the shape and won't crack when you fill it.

35 min

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MerkénSmoked chilli seasoning

Merkén comes from the Mapuche kitchens of Araucanía: cacho de cabra chillies are dried, smoked over a wood fire, then ground with toasted coriander seed and salt into a brick-red powder that is smoky, warm and lightly hot. In Temuco and across the south it is shaken over potatoes, eggs, sopaipillas, grilled fish and soups. Outside Chile, use dried smoked red chillies, or plain dried red chillies plus smoked paprika. The mistake to avoid is scorching the chillies in the pan: if they blacken, the whole jar is bitter. Chef's tip: grind it a little coarse, as it is sold in Temuco's market, so the coriander seeds stay noticeable.

23 min

Chilean Basics

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PlateadaBraised beef rib cap

Plateada is the Sunday braise of Santiago's old restaurants and family lunches: beef rib cap, a fat-marbled cut from the top of the ribs, browned and then braised for hours with onion, carrot, garlic and cumin until it can be cut with a spoon. It comes to the table with mashed potato (often puré picante) or rice. Butchers outside Chile may sell it as rib cap or top rib; chuck works too. Pulling it out of the oven too soon is the mistake: it is tough at two hours and meltingly soft at three. Chef's tip: keep the fat side up while it braises, so it bastes the meat; skim off what rises before you serve the sauce.

210 min

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PrietasPork blood sausages

Prietas are the black pudding of the Chilean countryside, made at the carneo (pig-killing) in the Central Valley and the south and grilled first at the asado, eaten in bread or with boiled potatoes and pebre. They are made from fresh pork blood, pork fat and plenty of onion, spiced with cumin and oregano, and filled into pork casings. Ask a butcher for fresh pork blood the day you make them and keep it chilled. Overfilling is the mistake that bursts the casings in the pot; fill them only three quarters full. Chef's tip: poach at about 80 °C, never boiling. Prick one with a needle: when it releases clear brown juice and no red blood, they are done (71 °C inside).

110 min

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Torta de mil hojasThousand-layer cake

Torta de mil hojas is the cake that turns up at Chilean birthdays, christenings and New Year: ten or more crisp, paper-thin pastry rounds stacked with manjar and chopped walnuts, which soften overnight into a cake that cuts cleanly yet still crunches. It is a labour of love, so families make it a day ahead and keep it cold. The common mistake is assembling and cutting it straight away: it shatters. Let it rest overnight in the fridge. Chef's tip: roll each sheet on its own piece of baking paper and bake it on that paper, so the thin rounds never have to be lifted raw. Walnuts are a tree nut: leave them out for anyone with an allergy.

170 min

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Leche con plátanoBanana milk

Ask anyone who grew up in Chile, from Arica to Punta Arenas, what they drank after school and many will say leche con plátano. It is made in a blender in two minutes, usually at onces, the late-afternoon tea, alongside marraqueta rolls with butter or avocado, and it is the first thing many children learn to make by themselves. It is pale, foamy and thick enough to leave a moustache, tasting simply of sweet ripe banana and cold milk, sometimes with a pinch of cinnamon. The common mistake is making it ahead: within half an hour the banana turns the milk greyish-beige and the foam collapses, so blend it just before drinking. It is ready when it is completely smooth, light and frothy, with no banana lumps at the bottom of the jug. Use bananas with a few brown freckles: they are sweet enough that you may need little or no sugar. Chef's tip: slice and freeze overripe bananas, then blend them straight from the freezer; the drink comes out icy and extra thick without any ice.

5 min

Chilean Drinks

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ChilenitosDulce de leche biscuit sandwiches

Chilenitos are small, fragile sweets from the bakeries and convent traditions of Chile's countryside: two paper-thin, crisp biscuits sandwiched with manjar and coated on top with a glossy white meringue. They are a fixture of once, christenings and the sweets table at weddings. The biscuits must be rolled almost transparent; thick dough gives a hard, dry chilenito. Chef's tip: use an Italian meringue (whites whisked with hot sugar syrup); it sets smooth and shiny and the eggs are cooked by the syrup, so it is safe to serve to everyone.

100 min

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ChumbequeLayered honey biscuit

Iquique's Chinese community began baking chumbeque in the port's corner shops more than a century ago, and today it is the city's edible souvenir: crisp, honey-sweet pastry stacked in thin layers with a sharp lemon filling and a sticky guava one, cut into small bricks. People take it home from the Zofri market or nibble it with tea at once. At home, bake it as one slab and slice it when cold. Many people roll the dough too thick, which gives a cakey, dry bar instead of fine layers; aim for 3 mm. Chef's tip: chill the rolled sheets for 10 minutes before you stack them so they don't stretch out of shape.

85 min

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Chupe de centollaKing crab and cheese stew

In Punta Arenas and Puerto Natales, at the bottom of Chile, centolla (southern king crab) is the pride of every restaurant, and chupe is how it is served on a cold Magallanes evening: a soft, spoonable stew of crab meat cooked with bread, milk and stock until creamy, then topped with cheese and browned for a minute. It is looser than a crab gratin and eaten with a spoon. Any good cooked crab meat works. The usual mistake is boiling it fiercely once the cheese and cream go in, which makes the chupe grainy; keep it at a gentle bubble. Chef's tip: add the crab right at the end, just to heat through, so the big pieces of king crab stay whole and sweet.

45 min

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Cola de monoCoffee and milk liqueur drink

In Santiago, December means cola de mono: bottles of cold, coffee-coloured spiced milk that families make days ahead and open on Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve, poured beside slices of pan de pascua, the dense Chilean fruit cake. The traditional version is for adults only, spiked with grape aguardiente; pour small glasses and drink responsibly. It tastes like a sweet, cold café con leche with cinnamon, clove and orange, the aguardiente adding a warm finish, and the texture is smooth and light, never thick. Each glass has about as much caffeine as a small, weak coffee, so use decaf for anyone sensitive. The classic mistake is adding the aguardiente while the milk is still hot: much of the alcohol steams away and the milk can catch and curdle. Let the spiced milk cool completely first. It is ready when the colour is an even tan, the spices smell strong but the milk tastes clean, and it is fridge-cold. It keeps 3–4 days in the fridge in clean bottles; shake before pouring and throw it out if it smells sour. Chef's tip: make it two days ahead; the spices keep blooming and it tastes noticeably rounder.

30 min

Chilean Drinks

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Erizos con salsa verdeSea urchin with green salsa

On the docks of Punta Arenas and in the markets of Valparaíso and Puerto Montt, Chilean sea urchins are cracked open in front of you and their orange tongues (lenguas) piled on a plate with a sharp green sauce of onion, parsley, coriander and lemon. They taste of the sea, sweet and creamy, and are eaten raw with bread. Because the urchin is raw, this dish is not for pregnant women, young children or anyone with a weakened immune system. Buy urchins live or freshly packed roe from a licensed fishmonger, keep it at 0–4 °C and eat it the same day. The common mistake is drowning the delicate roe in lemon, which 'cooks' and toughens it. Chef's tip: spoon the sauce over just before eating. For a safer version, serve the same salsa verde over cooked, chilled prawns.

15 min

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Lomo a lo pobreSteak with chips, onions and eggs

Lomo a lo pobre, 'poor man's steak', is a joke in its name: it is the most generous plate in any Santiago fuente de soda, a thick beef steak buried under a pile of chips, soft fried onions and two fried eggs. It is weekend lunch food, and truck drivers' food on the Panamericana. Getting the timing right is the trick; cooks who fry the onions fast end up with burnt, bitter strips. Start the onions first and give them a full 25 minutes on a low heat. Chef's tip: double-fry the chips, first at 160 °C and then at 190 °C, so they stay crisp under the eggs. For anyone pregnant, very young or vulnerable, fry the eggs until the yolks are firm.

50 min

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Machas a la parmesanaClams with parmesan

Machas a la parmesana arrive sizzling at almost every seafood restaurant on Chile's central coast: machas, the long, pink-tongued surf clams of the Pacific beaches, opened, set back in their shells and grilled under butter, cream and parmesan. Outside Chile, use razor clams or large clams. The usual mistake is grilling them too long; the clams are already cooked and turn to rubber. Grill only until the cheese browns. Chef's tip: open the clams briefly in a covered pan first rather than prising them raw, and keep any that stay shut out of the dish. Many restaurants add a splash of white wine; this version uses lemon juice instead.

25 min

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Paila marinaSeafood stew

At the market stalls of Valparaíso, San Antonio and Santiago's Mercado Central, paila marina arrives at the table still bubbling in a clay bowl (the paila): mussels, clams, prawns and white fish in a garlicky, paprika-red broth, eaten with bread and a squeeze of lemon. Chileans swear by it for a hangover, and many add white wine; this version uses only fish stock. The common mistake is cooking all the seafood together for the same time: prawns and fish turn rubbery while the clams open. Add them in stages. Chef's tip: scrub the shellfish and tap any open shells before cooking; throw away any that don't close, and after cooking throw away any that stay shut.

50 min

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PantrucasTorn dumpling soup

Pantrucas, sometimes called pancutras, are what a Central Valley farmhouse cooks on a cold evening when the cupboard is nearly bare: a simple dough is stretched thin over the pot and torn straight into a bubbling broth with potato and vegetables, then an egg is stirred in at the end to make soft yellow ribbons. It is warming, filling and cheap, a soup many Chileans connect with their grandmothers. This version uses vegetable stock. The most common mistake is leaving the dough thick, which makes heavy, gluey dumplings: pull it until you can almost see through it. Chef's tip: rest the dough for 15 minutes before stretching, so it relaxes and tears cleanly instead of springing back.

55 min