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153 recipes

Kufta bozbash

Kufta bozbash is one of Baku's great soups: huge lamb meatballs, each with a sour dried plum (alcha) hidden in the middle, simmered in a saffron-tinted broth with chickpeas and potatoes. Families make it on cold weekends, serving the broth first and then the meatballs, sprinkled with dried mint and sumac. A common mistake is using lean mince; the fat holds the big meatballs together and keeps them tender. Chef's tip: beat the mince with a little cold water until sticky and smooth, then wet your hands to shape; the balls will not crack around the plum. Minced lamb must reach 71 °C in the centre.

120 min

Azerbaijani Soups

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Doshab

In the dry, sunny exclave of Nakhchivan, between Armenia and Iran, villages press their late-summer grapes and mulberries and boil the juice for hours in big copper cauldrons until it becomes doshab, a dark, sticky syrup used as a sugar through the winter: spread on bread with butter, stirred into halva, or mixed with snow or water as a drink. A common mistake is skipping the clearing step; cloudy juice gives a gritty, sludgy syrup. Chef's tip: village cooks clear the juice with a spoon of white earth; at home, let it settle overnight in the fridge and pour it off the sediment before boiling, which gives a clear, glossy doshab.

200 min

Azerbaijani Basics

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Sheki halva

The silk town of Sheki, in the green foothills of the Greater Caucasus, is famous for its halva: a lacework of rice-flour batter drizzled from a funnel-like tool called a reshta onto a round tray, filled with crushed hazelnuts spiced with cardamom and coriander, topped with another lace layer and drenched in syrup until glossy and sticky. Sheki confectioners sell it from wooden trays in the old caravanserai streets. This home version uses a squeeze bottle for the lattice. A common mistake is making the lattice too thick, which turns it doughy instead of crisp and lacy. Chef's tip: keep each lattice layer thin and lacy, with gaps you can see the tray through, and drizzle the syrup while it is hot.

150 min

Azerbaijani Desserts

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Saj

Saj is named after the shallow, domed iron pan it is cooked in, which Baku restaurants set over a tray of coals at the table so the meal keeps sizzling as you eat: lamb pieces fried in their own fat, ringed by potatoes, aubergine, peppers and tomatoes that were fried separately, all finished together on the hot metal. It is a feast dish for weddings and family celebrations across Azerbaijan. At home a wide cast-iron pan or wok works. A common mistake is frying all the vegetables together; each needs its own time and the aubergine soaks up everything. Chef's tip: fry the vegetables first, then the lamb in the same oil, so the meat picks up their flavour.

65 min

Azerbaijani Meat

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Lavangi

Lavangi is the famous feast dish of Lankaran and the southern Talysh villages: a whole chicken stuffed with a dark, tangy paste of ground walnuts, onion and sour plum leather (lavashana) or alcha, then roasted until golden. It is cooked for Novruz and weddings, and the same stuffing goes into Caspian kutum for the fish version. A common mistake is packing the cavity too tight; the filling swells and the heat cannot reach the centre. Chef's tip: spread a little of the stuffing under the breast skin too, which keeps the breast moist and flavours the whole bird. Chicken is done when the thigh and the stuffing reach 74 °C.

120 min

Azerbaijani Chicken

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Turshu govurma

Turshu govurma, 'sour fry', is a rich southern dish from Lankaran and Masalli: lamb browned in butter or oil, then cooked slowly with onions, chestnuts, dried apricots, sour plums and a good pour of narsharab pomegranate sauce until dark, glossy and sweet-sour. It is served on top of plov at weddings or on its own with bread. A common mistake is adding the dried fruit too early, which turns it to mush. Chef's tip: finish with a pinch of saffron water and a handful of fresh pomegranate seeds, which brighten the dark sauce.

95 min

Azerbaijani Meat

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Mutaki

Mutaki, named after the long bolster cushions of Azerbaijani homes, are small rolled crescents of tender yeast or sour-cream pastry filled with walnuts and sugar, baked pale gold and dusted with icing sugar. Baku families make them for Novruz, weddings and visits, and pile them on a plate with tea from a pear-shaped glass. A common mistake is baking them until brown, which dries the delicate pastry. Chef's tip: roll the dough thin and wide, spread the filling only on the wide end of each wedge and roll toward the point, so the nuts stay in the middle.

75 min

Azerbaijani Baking

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Mangal salad

At every summer kebab grill in the Absheron villages outside Baku, a few aubergines, peppers and tomatoes are thrown straight onto the coals beside the skewers, then peeled, chopped with onion, basil and coriander and dressed with oil. Mangal salad tastes deeply smoky, soft and sweet, and is served with the meat or on its own with bread. A common mistake is pulling the vegetables off before the skins are fully black; the flesh stays firm and lacks smoke. Chef's tip: let the charred vegetables sweat in a covered bowl for 10 minutes; the skins slip off easily and the juices collect for the dressing.

40 min

Azerbaijani Salads

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Afarar

In the mountain villages around Quba and Qusar, where many Lezgin families live, spring brings armfuls of nettles, sorrel, wild garlic and orache, and the first thing made with them is afarar: two very thin sheets of dough enclosing a filling of chopped herbs mixed with cottage cheese, cooked on a hot griddle or saj and brushed with butter. A common mistake is using wet herbs, which steam the dough and make it tear. Chef's tip: wilt the herbs in a dry pan for a minute and squeeze them, then mix with the cheese only just before filling. Check that your cottage cheese uses no animal rennet.

65 min

Azerbaijani Breads & Parathas

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Bozartma

Bozartma comes from Ganja, Azerbaijan's second city at the foot of the Lesser Caucasus, where lamb on the bone is browned and then stewed with a mountain of onions and tomatoes until the sauce turns thick and red-gold with saffron. The name hints at the browning (boz, 'grey-brown'), and Ganja cooks say the onions must melt completely. It is eaten with bread and greens, and a chicken version is common too. A common mistake is adding water; the onions and tomatoes give all the liquid needed. Chef's tip: cook it uncovered for the last 15 minutes, until the fat rises to the top; that is how Ganja cooks know bozartma is ready.

105 min

Azerbaijani Meat

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Jiz-biz

Jiz-biz gets its name from the sound of the pan: lamb heart, liver, kidneys and sweetbreads cut small and fried with potatoes and onions until crisp at the edges. It is a dish of Baku's working cafés and village feast days, made from the parts of the lamb cooked first while the rest is roasting, and finished with sumac and herbs. A common mistake is putting everything in at once; the liver turns grainy before the heart is tender. Chef's tip: fry the potatoes separately until crisp and fold them in at the end, so they keep their crunch. Offal should be cooked until no pink remains, 71 °C.

60 min

Azerbaijani Meat

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Fish buglama

In Baku and the fishing villages of the Absheron peninsula, buglama is the gentlest way to cook Caspian fish such as sturgeon, kutum or mullet: thick steaks laid on a bed of onions, tomatoes and herbs in a covered pan and left to steam in their own juices, with no water added. The result is soft, moist fish in a light, fragrant broth, served with bread and a spoon of narsharab. Any firm white fish works. A common mistake is lifting the lid too often, which lets the steam out and leaves the fish half-cooked. Chef's tip: lay the onion thickly enough that the fish never touches the pan; it should cook in steam, not fry. It is done when the flesh is opaque and flakes when pressed.

45 min

Azerbaijani Fish

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White cherry preserve

Absheron is famous for its white cherries, pale yellow fruit with a pink blush that ripen in June in the sandy orchards around Mardakan and Shuvalan. Baku families stone them one by one with a hairpin and cook them slowly into a clear golden preserve, sharpened with lemon, which is served in tiny glass bowls (mürəbbə qabı) with black tea; you sip the tea and eat a spoon of cherries between sips. A common mistake is cooking the fruit in one long boil, which shrivels it. Chef's tip: cook in short spells with long rests in between, so the cherries plump up with syrup and stay whole and glossy.

100 min

Azerbaijani Basics

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Tava kebab

Tava kebab is a pan kebab from Ganja and the west of Azerbaijan, made when there's no grill: minced lamb and onion mixed with egg, shaped into small flat patties and fried, then arranged in a pan in rows with slices of fried aubergine and tomato, and finished together under a lid so the juices mingle. It is served in the pan with flatbread. A common mistake is skipping the egg; the patties fall apart when you layer them. Chef's tip: stand the patties and vegetables on their edges in tight rows, so everything sits in the juices and stays moist. Minced lamb must reach 71 °C.

55 min

Azerbaijani Meat

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Govurga

Govurga is one of the small symbolic foods on the Novruz table in Baku and the Absheron villages: wheat grains roasted in a dry pan until they crack, mixed with roasted hemp seeds, chickpeas, hazelnuts and raisins, and eaten by the handful through the festival. Children fill their pockets with it. A common mistake is roasting everything together; each part browns at a different speed. Chef's tip: shake the pan constantly and stop each batch as soon as it smells toasty and starts to pop. Hulled hemp seeds sold for cooking are fine to use.

30 min

Azerbaijani Snacks & Starters

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Gogal

Gogal is baked for Novruz, the spring new year on 20 March, in kitchens all over Baku and the Absheron villages, beside shekerbura and pakhlava on the festive tray. A soft dough is rolled thin, brushed with butter mixed with ground fennel, turmeric and salt, then rolled, coiled and flattened again so it bakes into crisp, savoury, golden layers. A common mistake is using cold, hard butter for the spread; it tears the dough. Chef's tip: let the coiled pastries rest before flattening so the layers relax and stay distinct in the oven.

90 min

Azerbaijani Baking

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Smoked kutum

Kutum, the Caspian white fish, is the favourite catch of the Azerbaijani coast from Lankaran to Baku, and in spring fishermen's families salt it and hang it in smoke so it keeps for weeks. The traditional cold-smoked fish is not cooked by the smoke; this home version is hot-smoked instead, so the fish is cooked right through, which is safer. Use kutum, mullet, sea bass or trout. A common mistake is putting wet fish into the smoker; the smoke cannot stick and it tastes steamed. Chef's tip: let the salted fish dry, uncovered, in the fridge for a few hours until the surface feels tacky, which gives a glossy golden skin. Eat it with greens, fresh herbs and bread.

120 min

Azerbaijani Fish

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Baku kurabiye

Every Baku bakery sells these: short, crumbly butter cookies piped into flowers with a star nozzle and finished with a bright dot of jam in the centre, sold by the kilo for name days and served with tea in Azerbaijani homes. The dough must be soft enough to pipe but rich enough to hold the ridges in the oven. A common mistake is overbeating the egg whites into the butter, which makes the cookies spread and lose their pattern. Chef's tip: chill the piped cookies on the tray for 15 minutes before baking; the ridges stay sharp.

35 min

Azerbaijani Baking

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Lankaran kulcha

Lankaran, on the subtropical Caspian coast in the far south, near the Iranian border, has its own Novruz bake: kulcha, a round of soft, rich dough filled with walnuts and sugar perfumed with saffron and cardamom, pinched closed, flattened and patterned on top with tweezers before baking. Southern families make dozens for the spring festival and for visiting relatives. A common mistake is rolling the filled pastry too thin, which splits the dough. Chef's tip: crimp a pattern around the edge with a fork or pastry tweezers; it seals the kulcha and is the traditional decoration.

80 min

Azerbaijani Baking

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Khingal

Khingal is Baku comfort food: squares or diamonds of thin homemade pasta boiled and layered with lamb mince fried with plenty of onion, then topped with garlicky yogurt and a sprinkle of sumac or dried mint. It is the dish Absheron grandmothers make for a crowd, rolling the dough on the big kitchen table. A common mistake is draining the pasta until dry; a little cooking water keeps the layers loose and silky. Chef's tip: fry the onion until deep brown before the mince goes in; that sweet, almost caramelised onion is what makes Baku khingal. Mince must reach 71 °C.

75 min

Azerbaijani Pasta & Noodles

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Narsharab

Goychay, in the plains of central Azerbaijan, holds a pomegranate festival every November, and narsharab is its most prized product: pomegranate juice boiled slowly in wide copper pans until it turns dark, glossy and sour-sweet, sometimes spiced with coriander, basil and cinnamon. It is poured over grilled fish, lamb kebabs and the Novruz plov, and a bottle sits in every Baku kitchen. A common mistake is boiling it too hard at the end, which scorches the sugars and makes it bitter. Chef's tip: stop when it coats the back of a spoon; it thickens a lot as it cools.

120 min

Azerbaijani Chutneys & Dips

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Majarisco

Its name blends 'majado' (mashed plantain) and 'marisco' (seafood), and along the coast of Piura and Tumbes, near the Ecuadorian border, it's what cevicherías and beach restaurants serve when you want something hot and filling. Mashed green plantain is folded into a sauce of garlic, onion, ají and seafood juices, with prawns, squid and mussels running through it, so every forkful is creamy, garlicky and briny. Serve it with lime and salsa criolla. Mussels must be alive: tap any open ones and discard those that don't close, and discard any that stay shut after cooking. Overcooking the seafood is the most frequent mistake; it goes in at the end, just until pink and opaque. Chef's tip: keep the mussel cooking liquid and use it to loosen the mash; it's pure seafood flavour.

55 min

Peruvian Fish

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Seco de chabelo

Piura's picanterías, near the dry northern border, serve this rough, savoury mash at lunch: green plantains, roasted or boiled and pounded, mixed with fried strips of carne seca (salted dried beef) and a quick sofrito of onion, tomato and ají amarillo. It is dense, salty and smoky, with the plantain's starchy sweetness, and is eaten with salsa criolla and fried ripe plantain or chifles (plantain crisps). The legend says it was invented for a soldier called Chabelo in the War of the Pacific. Use carne seca or cecina from Latin shops, or unseasoned beef jerky. Pounding the plantains smooth is the classic mistake: chabelo should be lumpy and rustic. Chef's tip: soak the dried beef in warm water for 30 minutes and taste a piece; if it's still very salty, change the water and soak again.

60 min

Peruvian Meat

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Chuño phuti

Chuño are potatoes freeze-dried the ancient way on the Altiplano: left out on frosty nights, trampled to squeeze out the water and dried in the high sun, so they keep for years. In Puno and across the border in Bolivia, they are soaked, crumbled and fried with onion, then scrambled with egg and fresh cheese to make phuti, a hearty breakfast or supper eaten with a hot tea. The texture is dense and slightly chewy, and the flavour earthy and a little tangy. Chuño is sold dried in Andean shops; it must soak overnight (ideally 24 hours, with the water changed) and then be peeled, which adds time before you start. The mistake is not soaking or rinsing enough: under-soaked chuño smells strong and stays hard in the middle. Serve with a fresh tomato salsa or uchucuta. Fresh cheese is usually made with animal rennet, so use a vegetarian one if needed. Chef's tip: squeeze the soaked chuño hard between your palms before crumbling; the drier it is, the better it fries.

40 min

Peruvian Vegetarian

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