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Rafute (Okinawan braised pork belly)
ラフテー: thick pork belly slowly braised in awamori, soy and dark sugar until it melts
Rafute comes from the cooking of the old Ryukyu court in Okinawa, where pork has long been the most important meat. Thick blocks of skin-on belly are boiled to remove fat, then braised slowly in awamori, the local rice spirit, with soy, bonito stock and the islands' dark brown sugar. Today it is a dish for family celebrations and the Okinawan New Year, a staple of izakayas in Naha, and a topping for Okinawa soba. Expect deep amber pieces that hold their shape but cut with chopsticks. Chef's tip: cook it the day before; chilling lets you lift off the set fat, and the flavour soaks deeper into the meat overnight.
- Total time
- 180 min
- Difficulty
- hard
- Serves
- 4
Ingredients
For the pork
For the braise
To serve
Method
0/9 doneStep 1: Put 1 ¾ lb skin-on pork belly, in one piece in a pan, skin side down, over medium heat and sear the skin until golden and blistered. This helps the skin stay soft later.
5 minStep 2: Cover the pork with 8 ¼ cups water, add 1 oz ginger and 2 leek or spring onion green tops and bring to the boil. Lower to a gentle simmer, cover with the lid ajar and cook, skimming now and then.
60 minStep 3: Lift out the pork and leave it until cool enough to handle. Strain and keep the cooking water if you are using it instead of dashi.
10 minStep 4: Cut the pork into thick blocks, about 5 cm square, keeping the skin, fat and meat together in each piece.
3 minStep 5: Put the pork, skin side up, in a heavy pan where the pieces fit snugly in one layer. Add 2 cups bonito dashi, ½ cup awamori, 5 tbsp soy sauce, 1 ¾ oz dark brown sugar (ideally Okinawan kokuto) and ½ oz ginger.
2 minStep 6: Awamori is a strong rice spirit and some of its alcohol stays in the sauce. For an alcohol-free rafute, use 100 ml more stock instead, plus 1 extra tbsp sugar.
Step 7: Bring to the boil, then cover with a lid or a circle of baking paper laid on the surface and braise over the lowest heat. Common mistake: letting the braise bubble hard; the meat tightens and goes stringy, so keep it at a bare simmer with only an odd bubble breaking the surface.
70 minStep 8: Uncover, turn the pieces skin side up and simmer more briskly, spooning the liquid over, until it has reduced to a dark, glossy glaze and a chopstick slides through the meat with no resistance.
15 minStep 9: Serve hot with the glaze spooned over, with 2 tsp Japanese hot mustard (karashi) and 7 oz blanched greens such as pak choi on the side. To make ahead, cool, refrigerate within 2 hours, lift off the set fat the next day and reheat gently until piping hot. It keeps for 3 days.
5 min
Nutrition per serving
- Calories
- 720 kcal
- Protein
- 26 g
- Carbs
- 16 g
- Fat
- 61 g
- Fibre
- 0 g
Nutrition values are estimates.
KrazyBadal
Good to know
- How long does rafute (Okinawan braised pork belly) take?
- About 180 minutes in total: 20 minutes to prepare and 160 minutes to cook.
- How many people does it serve?
- 4 as written. Change the servings above the ingredients and every amount scales to match.
- Can I make it ahead?
- Yes. It keeps well, so you can cook it earlier in the day or the day before and reheat it.
- What can I use instead of soy sauce?
- Tamari, same amount (gluten free).
- What can I use instead of dark brown sugar (ideally okinawan kokuto)?
- White sugar + 1 tbsp molasses or treacle per 200g.
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