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Húsvéti kalácsBraided Easter milk loaf

In Hungary the Easter table on Sunday morning centres on smoked ham, hard-boiled eggs, fresh horseradish and húsvéti kalács, a soft, braided milk bread enriched with butter and egg yolks. It is lightly sweet, so it suits the salty ham perfectly, and the leftovers make excellent French toast on Easter Monday. Many families braid it with three or four strands and bake it into a ring. Chef's tip: braid loosely and tuck the ends under, because a tight braid splits along the sides as it rises in the oven.

75 min

Hungarian Baking

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Meggyes piteSour cherry slice

Hungarian grandmothers bake meggyes pite in a big rectangular tin in June, when sour cherries hang from every garden tree, and the rest of the year with jarred ones from the pantry. Two layers of soft, almost cakey pastry made with sour cream hold a tart, juicy cherry layer, and the top disappears under a snowfall of icing sugar. Squares of it turn up at Sunday lunch, in school lunch boxes and on the plate next to an afternoon coffee. Skipping the semolina is the mistake that gives a soggy middle: it soaks up the cherry juice as it bakes. Chef's tip: drain jarred or thawed cherries in a sieve for a good 30 minutes and keep the juice for a drink or a sauce.

90 min

Hungarian Baking

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Túrós lepénySweet curd cheese sheet cake

Hungarians use túró, a dry, crumbly fresh curd cheese, the way other cooks use cream, and túrós lepény is one of its homeliest outings: a thin short pastry base, a deep layer of lemony sweetened curd with raisins, baked in a tray and cut into squares for afternoon coffee, a picnic at Lake Balaton or the school lunch box. The filling is light and tangy rather than dense like a cheesecake, because the egg whites are whipped and folded in. Wet curd is the classic mistake; it weeps and the base goes soggy, so press the cheese through a sieve and use farmer's cheese or well-drained quark if you can't find túró. Chef's tip: take the lepény out while the very centre still has a slight wobble; it sets as it cools and stays creamy instead of cracking.

80 min

Hungarian Baking

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ZserbóWalnut and apricot layered pastry

At Christmas and at every family name day, a Hungarian grandmother cuts zserbó into neat diamonds: three layers of walnut and apricot jam between four thin sheets of rich yeast pastry, crowned with dark chocolate. It was created at the Gerbeaud café on Vörösmarty tér in Budapest, and the name is simply the café's French name spelled the Hungarian way. The pastry bakes short and tender, the jam stays sharp and fruity, and the chocolate adds a firm, glossy snap. A common mistake is rolling the sheets unevenly, so the slices come out lopsided; weigh the dough into four equal parts and roll each to the size of the tin on baking paper. It tastes even better the next day, once the jam has soaked in. Chef's tip: use a tart apricot jam and stir a squeeze of lemon into it if it seems very sweet.

120 min

Hungarian Baking

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Balatoni fogasButter-fried pikeperch

Fogas, the pikeperch of Lake Balaton, has been the pride of the lakeside restaurants of Tihany, Keszthely and Balatonfüred for over a century, and a fillet on a plate with parsley potatoes is the classic order on a summer evening with a view of the water. The flesh is white, lean and delicate, with a clean, slightly sweet flavour, and the simplest treatment is best: skin side down in foaming butter until the skin turns crisp, with lemon at the end. Zander from any good fishmonger works the same way. Where most people go wrong is moving the fillets too soon, which tears the skin; leave them until they release by themselves. Chef's tip: score the skin lightly twice so the fillets stay flat in the pan.

30 min

Hungarian Fish

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Balatoni hekkFried hake

Hake never swam in Lake Balaton, yet fried hekk is the taste of a Hungarian summer at the lake: a paper tray of hot, crisp fish bought from a beach kiosk in Siófok or Balatonboglár, eaten in a swimsuit with lemon squeezed over and a slice of white bread. Cleaned, headless hake pieces are rolled in seasoned flour with a little paprika and fried until the outside crackles and the white flesh inside is soft and juicy. Serve with lemon, bread and a sharp cucumber salad. The usual slip is not drying the fish, so the flour turns pasty; pat it well with paper first. If the fish is frozen, thaw it in the fridge overnight, never on the counter. Chef's tip: flour the fish only at the last moment, just before it goes into the oil, so the coating stays dry and crisp.

25 min

Hungarian Fish

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Rigó JancsiChocolate mousse cake

This tall cube of chocolate sponge, thick chocolate cream and a glossy dark top carries the name of a Hungarian Roma violinist whose scandalous romance with a Belgian princess made headlines around 1900; Budapest confectioners named a cake after him and it has stayed in every cukrászda since. The cream is the star: a ganache whipped with cream until it is like a dense, cool mousse, with no setting agent needed. A thin layer of apricot jam on the base adds a sharp note. Some bakers add a splash of rum to the cream; this version is alcohol-free. A common mistake is whipping the chocolate cream before it is fully cold, so it never thickens; chill it for at least 2 hours, better overnight. Chef's tip: cut the glazed top layer into squares before you set it on the cream, and the finished cake slices cleanly.

180 min

Hungarian Baking

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TarhonyaToasted egg barley

Tiny pebbles of dried egg pasta, tarhonya is one of the oldest Hungarian staples, once dried on cloths in the sun by farm women on the Great Plain and stored for the winter. It is toasted in fat until golden, then simmered in water like a pilaf until each grain is plump but separate. Hungarians serve it as the side for paprika stews, and in a vegetarian kitchen it is perfect next to lecsó or a mushroom paprikás. The flavour is nutty and savoury, with a light warmth from the paprika. A common mistake is stirring it during the simmer, which breaks the grains and makes it sticky; once the water is in, cover it and leave it alone. Chef's tip: toast it slowly and evenly to the colour of hazelnuts; that toasting is where all the flavour comes from.

30 min

Hungarian Sides

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Túrós táskaSweet cheese puff pastry pockets

Every Hungarian bakery chain and village shop has a túrós táska in the case, a flaky square folded corner to corner over a fat cushion of sweet curd cheese. The filling is fresh túró beaten with egg yolk, vanilla, lemon zest and raisins, and it bakes soft and slightly tangy inside crisp, buttery puff pastry. It is a mid-morning snack with coffee, or breakfast on the go. Túró is usually made without animal rennet, but check the label if that matters to you. The usual slip is a runny filling that leaks onto the tray, so press the túró through a sieve and add a spoon of semolina to bind it. Chef's tip: chill the filled pockets for 10 minutes before baking; the cold pastry puffs higher and the corners stay folded.

60 min

Hungarian Baking

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Zalai dödölleFried potato dumplings

Zala county, in the green hills of south-west Hungary, is so proud of dödölle that villages hold festivals for it. Potatoes are boiled, mashed with flour into a stiff dough right in their pot, then scooped into little lumps with a spoon dipped in hot fat and fried with plenty of onion until crisp and brown on the outside and soft inside. The old way is to fry them in lard; this version uses oil, so it is vegan, though a knob of butter is lovely if you eat dairy. Eat them as a side, or as a main with sauerkraut, cucumber salad or a mushroom stew. A common mistake is drying the dough out with too much flour, which makes heavy, gluey lumps; it should be thick but still a little sticky. Chef's tip: dip the spoon in the hot oil before every scoop, and the dödölle slide off smooth.

50 min

Hungarian Sides

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FlódniFour-layer poppy seed and fruit pastry

Four stripes of filling, black poppy seed, golden apple, nutty walnut and dark plum jam, stacked between thin sheets of shortcrust: that is flódni, the Hungarian-Jewish pastry of Budapest's old Jewish quarter around Kazinczy and Dob streets. Jewish families bake it for Purim and Hanukkah, and the bakeries of the seventh district sell it by the slab all year. Each cut slice should be moist, dense and not too sweet, best with a glass of tea or black coffee. Many families make the dough with a little sweet white wine and use margarine so it can follow a meat meal; this version keeps it alcohol-free with grape juice, and you can swap the butter for a firm baking margarine to make it dairy-free. The usual slip is rolling the sheets too thick, so the pastry swamps the fillings; each one should be barely 3 mm. Chef's tip: bake it a day ahead and slice it cold with a hot, wet knife, because the layers settle overnight and cut cleanly.

150 min

Hungarian Baking

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GánicaPotato and flour crumble

Up in the hills of northern Hungary, in Nógrád and Borsod, potatoes and flour were often all a farmhouse kitchen had in late winter, and gánica made a meal of them. The potatoes are mashed with flour into a heavy dough, then torn apart with two forks into small, uneven crumbs, which are tossed in a pan of onion-scented oil until golden in places. The result is soft and fluffy with crunchy edges, more like a savoury crumble than a dumpling. Eat it as a side with a mushroom stew, or sweet, spooned over with plum jam. The usual slip is under-cooking the flour, which leaves the crumbs pasty; give it the full time over the heat while you beat it. Chef's tip: tear the dough while it is still hot; once it cools it sets into a lump and will not crumble.

40 min

Hungarian Sides

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HarcsapaprikásCatfish in paprika sour cream

Along the Tisza at Szeged, the fish restaurants on the riverbank serve harcsapaprikás to families at long Sunday tables: thick chunks of firm, sweet catfish poached in a paprika and onion sauce, then finished with sour cream until it is a rich, coral-pink colour. Catfish has no small bones and holds together well, so it suits a sauce dish; the flavour is mild, creamy and gently smoky from the paprika. Traditionally it comes with túrós csusza (noodles with curd cheese and crisp bacon) or plain nokedli. A common mistake is stirring the fish too much, which breaks it into flakes; shake the pan instead. Chef's tip: salt the fish chunks 15 minutes ahead in the fridge, which firms them up and seasons them all the way through.

45 min

Hungarian Fish

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Kakaós csigaCocoa yeast snails

Walk into any Hungarian bakery at seven in the morning and the window will hold trays of kakaós csiga, cocoa snails, glossy on top and dark-striped inside. Children eat them on the way to school with a carton of chocolate milk, and office workers grab one with a coffee. The dough is soft and milky, rolled up with butter, cocoa and sugar so the swirl turns fudgy and slightly sticky; a brush of syrup after baking keeps them shiny and moist for a day. Where most people go wrong is spreading the filling on too-warm dough, which tears; let the risen dough rest for a few minutes after rolling. Chef's tip: roll the dough up from the long side quite tightly and cut with dental floss or a very sharp knife, so the snails keep their round shape.

120 min

Hungarian Baking

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Lekváros buktaPlum jam yeast buns

Grandmothers across Hungary bake a tray of bukta on a Sunday afternoon, and school bakeries sell them for the walk home: soft, milky yeast buns, each folded around a spoon of thick plum butter and baked so close together that they rise into one another. Pulled apart, the sides stay tender and pale while the tops shine golden, and the dark, tart plum filling balances the sweet dough. Serve them warm with a glass of cold milk or cocoa. The usual slip is using runny jam, which bubbles out and burns on the tray; it must be a thick lekvár that holds its shape on a spoon. Chef's tip: brush each bun with melted butter before it goes into the tin, so the buns rise together but still pull apart neatly.

120 min

Hungarian Baking

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Pozsonyi kifliWalnut or poppy seed crescents

These little crescents take their name from Pozsony, the Hungarian name for Bratislava, where bakers made them famous in the nineteenth century, and today they fill Christmas cookie tins across Hungary alongside bejgli. A short, buttery yeast dough is wrapped around a walnut or poppy seed filling, then glazed first with yolk and then with white, which gives the shiny, crackled, marbled top that marks a good batch. They are rich but not too sweet: eat them with coffee or tea through the holidays. Where most people go wrong is letting the dough rise in a warm spot; this is a cold dough, and if it gets warm the butter melts and the kifli split open. Chef's tip: let the yolk glaze dry fully before the white goes on, or you will not get the crackle.

120 min

Hungarian Baking

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PrószaCornmeal cake with sour cream

Before wheat was common in the Őrség and Göcsej, the wooded border country of western Hungary, cornmeal was the everyday flour, and prósza was what came out of the bread oven on baking day. It is a moist, golden cornbread cake, made rich and tender with sour cream, sweet but not sugary, with a crumbly crust. Families in the region eat it warm for breakfast or afternoon coffee, either plain, spread with plum jam, or baked with a layer of sweet túró and sour cream on top, as here. Túró is normally made without rennet, but check the label. The usual slip is using coarse polenta, which stays gritty; choose fine cornmeal, and let the batter rest so it softens. Chef's tip: scald the cornmeal with the hot milk first; it swells and gives a much softer crumb.

60 min

Hungarian Baking

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Rác pontyCarp baked with potatoes and peppers

Rác is the old Hungarian name for the Serbs who settled along the Danube in southern Transdanubia, and in towns like Mohács and Baja their style of baked carp became a Friday and holiday favourite. Scored carp fillets are laid over sliced potatoes, pale green peppers, onion and tomato, sprinkled with paprika and baked, then finished with sour cream so the vegetables underneath soak up the juices. Traditionally thin strips of smoked pork bacon are tucked into the cuts of the fish; they are optional here, so leave them out for a pork-free dish. It is a whole meal in one dish, best with fresh bread. A common mistake is putting raw potato under the fish, which is still hard when the carp is done; parboil it first. Chef's tip: score the carp finely every 4 mm so the oven heat softens its small bones.

75 min

Hungarian Fish

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Rákóczi túrósCheesecake with meringue lattice

Look along the counter of any Budapest cukrászda and you will see Rákóczi túrós: a slab of shortcrust under a creamy, lemony túró filling, crossed with a lattice of golden meringue and dotted with apricot jam in the gaps. It was invented by the pastry chef János Rákóczi in the 1930s and won a prize at the Paris World Fair, and it has been a Hungarian favourite ever since. The textures make it: crisp pastry, soft cheese, and meringue that is crunchy on top and marshmallowy underneath. Túró is usually set without rennet, but check the label. The usual slip is piping the meringue onto a filling that is still wobbly, so the lattice sinks; bake the filling until just set first. Chef's tip: press the túró through a sieve for a silky filling with no grainy bits.

90 min

Hungarian Baking

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Rántott pontyBreaded fried carp

Christmas Eve in Hungary is a meatless feast, and for many families, especially on the Great Plain, the main event is rántott ponty: carp steaks scored finely, breaded and fried until golden. The flesh inside is sweet and moist, the crumb crisp, and it is served with a mayonnaise potato salad or simply with lemon and bread, often after a bowl of fish soup. Carp has fine forked bones, which is why cooks score the fish every few millimetres: the hot oil softens the little bones so you hardly notice them. Where most people go wrong is frying at too low a heat, which makes the crumb greasy; keep the oil at 170 °C. Chef's tip: salt the scored steaks and keep them in the fridge for an hour, so the salt reaches right into the cuts.

45 min

Hungarian Fish

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Dobos tortaLayered chocolate caramel cake

Dobos torta was created in Budapest in 1885 by the confectioner József C. Dobos, and it is still the cake Hungarians order in old coffee houses on Andrássy Avenue and bake for name days and big birthdays. Six thin sponge layers are stacked with a rich chocolate buttercream, and the top layer is glazed with hard amber caramel, cut into wedges and set at an angle like a fan. It is a project cake, but each stage is simple and the finished torte keeps for days. Chef's tip: mark the caramel into wedges with an oiled knife within the first minute; once it sets, it shatters instead of cutting.

150 min

Hungarian Baking

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Hortobágyi palacsintaPaprika chicken pancakes

Named after the Hortobágy puszta, Hungary's great grassland in the east, these savoury pancakes are a favourite starter in Hungarian restaurants and a clever family meal. Thin palacsinta are filled with finely chopped paprika chicken, folded into parcels, and baked in the paprika-soured cream sauce until bubbling. Chef's tip: chop the cooked chicken very finely or pulse it briefly; a fine filling makes neat, tight parcels.

90 min

Hungarian Chicken

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PogácsaCheese savoury scones

Pogácsa are small, round, flaky savoury scones that appear on every Hungarian buffet table, at weddings, christening parties and wine tastings in Tokaj and Villány, where they are eaten with a glass of white. Bakeries sell them by weight, and every region has its own: with crackling, potato, cabbage or, like these, butter, sour cream and cheese. The dough is folded a few times, so they split into tender layers, and the top is scored in a criss-cross before baking. Chef's tip: cut straight down with a sharp cutter and don't twist; twisting seals the edges and the pogácsa rise lopsided. Use a cheese made with vegetarian rennet.

60 min

Hungarian Baking

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CsirkepaprikásPaprika chicken in sour cream sauce

Csirkepaprikás is the Sunday chicken of Hungarian homes, cooked by grandmothers in villages and in Budapest flats alike and always served with nokedli, the little egg dumplings. Chicken thighs braise gently with onion, plenty of sweet paprika, tomato and pepper, then soured cream is stirred in to make a velvety, brick-orange sauce. Chef's tip: mix the soured cream with a spoonful of flour and some hot sauce before adding it; this stops it from splitting.

70 min

Hungarian Chicken

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