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709 recipes

Newfoundland cod au gratin

Cod au gratin is a Newfoundland and Labrador staple, made in St. John's kitchens and outport homes for Sunday dinner, church suppers and Christmas time, when cod has been the island's lifeline for centuries. Pieces of fresh cod are layered in a buttery dish, covered in a creamy white sauce and blanketed with sharp cheddar and buttery breadcrumbs, then baked until bubbling and golden. The usual mistake is pre-cooking the cod: it overcooks into dry crumbs in the oven. Lay it in raw; it is done when it is opaque all the way through and flakes easily under a fork. Serve with mashed potatoes, peas or a green salad. Chef's tip: warm the milk before whisking it into the roux; the sauce comes together smooth in seconds, with no lumps.

50 min

Canadian Fish

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Pescado a lo machoFried fish in spicy seafood sauce

Pescado a lo macho is a classic of Lima's seafood restaurants, the dish people order for a long Sunday lunch near the sea in Chorrillos: a fillet of fried white fish smothered in a thick, spicy sauce of ají panca and ají amarillo packed with prawns, squid and mussels. The name boasts that you need to be brave for the chilli, but you can turn it down. The common mistake is overcooking the seafood while the sauce reduces; add it only when the sauce is already thick. Discard mussels that are open and do not close when tapped, and any that stay shut after cooking. Chef's tip: dust the fish in flour seasoned with cumin and fry it last, so it reaches the table crisp under the sauce.

55 min

Peruvian Fish

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Arroz tapadoRice dome with beef filling

Arroz tapado means covered rice, and it is the thrifty weekday lunch of Lima homes and school canteens: garlic rice pressed into a bowl, filled with a sweet-savoury beef mince and turned out like a dome. The filling of minced beef with onion, ají panca, raisins, black olives and hard-boiled egg is the same picadillo that goes into papas rellenas. The usual mistake is leaving the filling wet: the dome collapses and the rice turns soggy. Simmer it until the pan is almost dry. Minced beef must reach 71 °C, so cook it until no pink remains. Serve with a spoonful of salsa criolla. Chef's tip: brush the bowl with a little oil and pack the rice firmly with the back of a spoon; a well-pressed dome holds its shape on the plate.

60 min

Peruvian Meat

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Arroz con mariscosSeafood rice

Arroz con mariscos is the weekend dish of Callao and the beach towns south of Lima, served in cevicherías as the hot partner to a cold ceviche. It is moister than a paella, closer to a risotto, coloured with ají panca and ají amarillo and finished with peas and a little Parmesan-style cheese, as many Lima cooks do. The common mistake is adding all the seafood at the start: the squid turns rubbery and the prawns shrink to nothing. Cook the rice first and add the shellfish only for the final minutes. Discard any mussels that are open before cooking and do not close when tapped, and any that stay shut after cooking. The cheese is often made with animal rennet; use a vegetarian hard cheese if you prefer. Chef's tip: simmer the prawn shells in the stock for 10 minutes; they give the rice its deep seafood taste.

60 min

Peruvian Fish

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Tamales peruanosChicken corn tamales in banana leaf

In Lima, tamales are a Sunday breakfast, bought warm from street vendors calling 'tamaleeeeros' or made at home for Christmas, and eaten with crusty bread and a pile of salsa criolla. Peruvian tamales are larger and softer than Mexican ones, made from corn dough coloured with ají and wrapped in banana leaves, hiding chicken, a black olive, a slice of egg and a peanut. Peanuts are an allergen, so leave them out if needed. The usual mistake is a dry dough: the tamales turn crumbly. Beat in enough warm stock to make a soft paste that just holds its shape. The chicken must reach 74 °C before it goes in. Chef's tip: fat makes the dough tender; beat the oil and dough for a full 5 minutes until light, as Lima cooks do with pork lard.

150 min

Peruvian Chicken

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Thunder Bay Persian rollsPink-iced cinnamon buns

Persians are the pride of Thunder Bay, Ontario, sold in local bakeries and eaten with coffee at breakfast or on a cold afternoon by the shore of Lake Superior; they are almost unknown outside the city. Despite the name, they have nothing to do with Iran: a soft, enriched cinnamon-swirled dough is shaped into oval buns, fried or baked until golden, then spread with a thick pink icing coloured with raspberries or strawberries. They are vegetarian and contain egg, milk and wheat. The common mistake is icing them warm: the glaze melts into a sticky film instead of setting thick and fudgy. Wait until they are completely cool. They are ready when golden all over and they sound hollow when tapped underneath. Chef's tip: use mashed fresh or thawed frozen raspberries for the icing rather than colouring; it gives the true pale-pink shade and a sharp, fruity tang against the sweetness.

70 min

Canadian Baking

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Hawaiian pizza

Hawaiian pizza is not from Hawaii at all: it was invented in 1962 at a restaurant in Chatham, Ontario, by a Greek-Canadian cook who tried tinned pineapple on a pizza, and it is still one of Canada's most ordered pizzas for Friday nights and parties. It contains pork: cooked ham with sweet, juicy pineapple chunks over tomato sauce and mozzarella on a chewy homemade crust. The common mistake is piling on wet pineapple straight from the tin: the juice floods the base and it bakes soggy. Drain the pineapple and pat it dry, and use a very hot oven. The pizza is ready when the crust is browned and crisp underneath and the cheese is bubbling with golden patches. Chef's tip: roast the drained pineapple pieces for 10 minutes before topping; they caramelise at the edges and stop releasing juice into the pizza.

40 min

Canadian Pizza

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Crema volteadaBaked caramel custard

In Lima, crema volteada is the dessert that appears at Sunday lunch in Miraflores and Barranco homes and at every birthday where an aunt is in charge of the sweets. It is firmer and richer than a Spanish flan because it is made with both evaporated and condensed milk, so it slices cleanly and tastes of toffee. The usual mistake is baking it in an oven that is too hot: the custard boils, fills with tiny holes and weeps. Keep the water bath at a bare simmer and take it out while the centre still wobbles slightly. Chef's tip: chill it overnight before turning it out; a cold custard releases in one piece and the caramel has time to melt into a pourable sauce.

80 min

Peruvian Desserts

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Montreal smoked meat sandwich

Montreal smoked meat is the city's most famous deli food, served since the early 1900s at Jewish delicatessens along boulevard Saint-Laurent, and ordered for lunch or late at night 'medium' fat, piled on rye with yellow mustard, a sour pickle, fries and a cherry cola. Beef brisket is cured in the fridge with salt, curing salt and spices for a week, then smoked or slow-roasted and finally steamed until tender. There is no pork. Curing at home needs care: use exactly 2.5% salt and 0.25% curing salt No. 1 (6.25% sodium nitrite) by weight of meat, keep it in the fridge at 0–4 °C the whole time, and never guess the amounts. The pink colour comes from the cure, not undercooking; the brisket must reach at least 71 °C and is tender at about 93 °C. The common mistake is slicing with the grain, which makes it stringy: always cut across the grain, thinly, while hot. Chef's tip: steam the cooked brisket for an hour just before serving; that final steam is what makes it melt like real deli meat.

450 min

Canadian Meat

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Sopa criollaCreamy beef noodle soup

Sopa criolla is the soup Lima turns to on grey winter evenings, when the garúa mist hangs over the city: a beef broth reddened with ají panca, full of thin noodles and strips of beef, enriched with evaporated milk and finished with a poached egg. It arrives with toasted bread for dunking. The common mistake is boiling the soup after adding the milk; it splits into specks. Lower the heat first and stir it in gently. The beef strips are thin, so they cook through in a few minutes. Chef's tip: crack the eggs straight into the barely simmering soup and leave them alone for three minutes; the whites set into soft ribbons that thicken the broth.

45 min

Peruvian Soups

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Lomo saltadoBeef stir-fry with chips

Lomo saltado was born in the chifas of central Lima, where Chinese cooks met Peruvian ingredients, and today it is the lunch every Peruvian family makes when they want something fast and a little indulgent. Strips of beef are seared in a smoking-hot wok with red onion, tomato and yellow chilli, splashed with soy sauce and vinegar, then tossed with chips and served beside white rice, so you get both starches on one plate. The common mistake is crowding the wok: the beef stews in its juices and turns grey and chewy instead of charring. Cook it in two batches over the highest heat you have. Chef's tip: add the chips at the very last second, or serve them on the side, so they soak up a little sauce but stay crisp.

45 min

Peruvian Meat

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Ceviche peruanoLime-cured white fish

Ceviche is Peru's national dish, eaten at lunchtime in the cevicherías of Lima's Surquillo and Chorrillos markets, because the fish must be fresh off the morning boats and cevicherías traditionally close in the afternoon. The classic is raw white fish 'cooked' in lime juice with red onion, chilli and coriander, served with sweet potato and corn. Lime juice does not kill bacteria or parasites, so this version first poaches the fish for a minute until just opaque, then dresses it, which keeps the classic flavour and texture far safer. Even so, it is not for pregnant women, young children or anyone with a weakened immune system. The usual mistake is leaving the fish in the lime for an hour: it turns chalky and the juice goes bitter. Chef's tip: squeeze the limes gently by hand and stop before the pith; over-squeezed limes make bitter leche de tigre.

40 min

Peruvian Fish

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Kluski lanePoured egg noodles in broth

Kluski lane, 'poured dumplings', are the soft little egg noodles Polish grandmothers from Kraków to Gdańsk make in minutes by pouring a thin batter into simmering broth. This vegetable-broth version is a light, soothing supper or a quick meal for children, and in some homes the same noodles go into hot sweet milk instead. The common mistake is a batter that is too thick; it drops in lumps and turns into heavy, doughy dumplings. It should run off a spoon in a slow ribbon. Chef's tip: pour the batter from a jug in a thin stream from a little height while you stir the broth, so it sets into long, wavy threads.

14 min

Polish Soups

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Gyeran gukEgg ribbon soup

Gyeran guk is the gentle soup Korean families make on a busy weeknight or for anyone feeling under the weather: soft ribbons of egg and spring onion drifting in a clear broth seasoned with soup soy sauce. Many homes use an anchovy stock; this one uses a quick kelp broth so it stays vegetarian. Serve it with rice and a couple of banchan. The common mistake is stirring the egg the moment it goes in, which clouds the soup into tiny grains; pour it in a thin stream and wait 20 seconds before giving one gentle stir. Chef's tip: take the kelp out just as the water starts to boil, because boiled kelp turns the broth slimy and bitter.

10 min

Korean Soups

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Gyeran bapEgg rice with sesame oil

Gyeran bap, egg rice, is the five-minute meal of Korean childhoods and student flats from Seoul to Busan: a bowl of steaming rice topped with a crisp-edged fried egg, a little butter or sesame oil and a splash of soy, all mixed together and scooped up with sheets of roasted seaweed (gim). Kimchi on the side is all it needs. The common mistake is using cold rice: it must be freshly cooked or reheated until piping hot so the yolk and butter melt into it. Chef's tip: fry the egg in sesame-scented oil on a high heat so the white blisters and crisps; that crunchy frill is the best bit. If you are cooking for anyone pregnant, a young child, an older person or anyone with a weakened immune system, cook the egg until the yolk is firm, or use British Lion or other pasteurised eggs.

5 min

Korean Rice & Grains

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Dubu kimchiTofu with stir-fried pork kimchi

Dubu kimchi is a favourite at Seoul's tent bars and at home dinner tables across Korea: soft blocks of blanched tofu served beside sour, spicy kimchi that has been stir-fried with thin slices of pork until glossy. You pick up a slice of mild tofu with a little kimchi on top, so every bite is cool and hot at once. It's eaten as an evening dinner with rice, or as something to share with friends over drinks. The mistake is using freshly made kimchi; it stays crunchy and flat, while well-fermented, sour kimchi caramelises and turns deeply savoury. Chef's tip: add a spoonful of the kimchi juice at the end for extra tang.

15 min

Korean Meat

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TripleAvocado, tomato and egg sandwich

The triple is the soft, layered sandwich of Lima's cafés and bakeries, eaten at lonche, the Peruvian late-afternoon meal, or as a light supper: three slices of crustless white bread layered with avocado, tomato and sliced hard-boiled egg, all held together with mayonnaise. It looks neat, tastes fresh and is loved by children. Shop-bought mayonnaise is made with pasteurised egg, so it is safe for everyone. The common mistake is letting wet tomato touch the bread, which turns it soggy within minutes. Chef's tip: pat the tomato dry and sit it between the avocado and egg, then press the sandwich under a board for a minute before cutting.

15 min

Peruvian Snacks & Starters

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Pan con butifarraHam roll with onion salsa

Pan con butifarra is Lima's evening sandwich, sold in old-school sangucherías and made at home for a light dinner with coffee: a crusty roll filled with jamón del país, a spiced Peruvian pork ham, under a heap of salsa criolla, red onion sliced thin and soaked in lime with chilli. Outside Peru, use a good cooked pork ham. The common mistake is leaving the onion harsh; give it a quick rinse in salted water before dressing it. Chef's tip: a leaf of lettuce under the ham stops the lime juice soaking straight into the bread.

10 min

Peruvian Meat

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FastenwäheCaraway pretzel bread

Basel bakeries sell Fastenwähe only from the start of the new year until Easter, and through Fasnacht people buy them warm by the bagful. The flat, chewy yeast bread is shaped like a squashed pretzel with four slits, glazed with egg and scattered with caraway seeds, and is eaten plain or with cheese and Mehlsuppe. The common mistake is cutting the slits too short, so they close up as the dough rises. Chef's tip: a little lard or butter in the dough gives the soft bite of the bakery ones.

50 min

Swiss Breads & Parathas

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Chipa so'oCheese bread with spiced beef

In Paraguay, families bake chipa in the clay tatakua ovens on Holy Wednesday so there is food for Thursday and Good Friday, when cooking stops. Chipa so'o ('chipa with meat') is a cassava-starch and cheese bread wrapped around a little filling of minced beef cooked with onion and egg, then baked until crisp outside and chewy within. It is naturally gluten free. Chef's tip: knead the dough until it no longer cracks at the edges when pressed; dry dough splits around the filling.

90 min

Paraguayan Breads & Parathas

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ZigerkrapfenSweet cheese and nut pastries

In the Glarus valleys, Fasnacht means Zigerkrapfen: half-moon pastry pockets filled with sweetened Ziger, a soft fresh whey cheese, mixed with ground hazelnuts, raisins, cinnamon and pear, then fried or baked. Ziger itself is set with acid rather than rennet, but if you use ricotta check the label, and choose one marked vegetarian if needed. The common mistake is a wet filling, which bursts the seams; drain the cheese well. Chef's tip: brush the edges with egg white before folding and press with a fork, so they stay sealed in the hot oil.

65 min

Swiss Desserts

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Dowina (Kurdish yogurt soup)

Dowina, called ash-e doogh in Persian, is warming spring food in Kurdish homes around Newroz, when yogurt is plentiful and the first herbs are cut from the garden. Rice and chickpeas simmer in a tangy, lightly thickened yogurt broth, finished with fresh dill, coriander and a sizzle of dried mint in oil. It is eaten warm, never boiling hot, with flatbread. The common mistake is to heat the yogurt too fast without stirring, which makes it split into grainy curds. Chef's tip: whisk an egg yolk and a spoonful of rice flour into the yogurt before it goes on the heat; it holds the soup smooth all the way to the simmer.

75 minMiddle Eastern Soups

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OsterpinzeEaster anise brioche

Osterpinze is the Easter bread of Styria, Carinthia and the area around Trieste, a soft, golden brioche dome with three deep cuts on top for the Holy Trinity, so that it opens into a crown as it bakes. The dough is rich with egg yolks and butter and flavoured with anise and lemon; old recipes add a splash of white wine, left out here. It is blessed in the Easter basket on Holy Saturday and eaten on Easter morning with ham, horseradish and eggs, or with butter and jam. Chef's tip: make the three cuts with scissors just before baking, deep enough to reach halfway down, so the crown opens wide.

75 min

Austrian Baking

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KalanehWild leek stuffed flatbread

In Kurdistan and Kermanshah, Newroz arrives with the first spring greens on the hillsides, and families gather wild leeks to fold into kalaneh, thin griddle breads cooked over a fire or a hot pan and soaked in melted butter. The dough is plain and soft, rolled very thin around a pile of chopped leek or chives with a little salt and pepper, so the greens steam inside as the bread blisters. Eat it hot, torn into strips, with yogurt and tea at a Newroz picnic. The common mistake is wet greens, which turn the dough soggy and make it tear; dry them well after washing. Chef's tip: brush the butter on the moment the bread leaves the pan so it soaks right in.

65 minMiddle Eastern Breads & Parathas

by KrazyBadal 0 views

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